d) Bio-geographic provinces.
Bio-geographic Province is a ecosystematic or biotic subdivision of realms. India is divided into 25 bio geographic zones.
Biogeographic classification of India was done by Rodgers and Panwar (1988), describing 10 biogeographic zones in India, further divided into 25 biogeographic provinces. The classification was done using various factors such as altitude, moisture, topography, rainfall, etc. Biogeographic zones were used as a basis for planning wildlife protected areas in India.
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The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has agreed to construct a fourth underpass for animals on national highway 6 (NH-6) between Sakoli and Deori near the Nagzira Tiger Reserve (TR).
10.1.1. Biogeographic zones and Biogeographic Provinces of India
S.No. | Biogeographic Zones (10 nos) | Biogeographic Provinces (25 nos) |
1. | Trans Himalaya | 1A:Himalaya -Ladakh Mountains 1B: Himalaya -Tibetan Plateau 1C: Trans - Himalaya Sikkim |
2. | The Himalaya | 2A:Himalaya - North West Himalaya 2B: Himalaya - West Himalaya 2C: Himalaya - Central Himalaya 2D:Himalaya - East Himalaya |
3. | The Indian Desert | 3A: Desert - Thar 3B: Desert - Katchchh |
4. | The Semi Arid | 4A: Semi - Arid - Punjab Plains 4B: Semi - Arid - Gujarat Rajputana |
5. | The Western Ghats | 5A:Western Ghats -Malabar Plains 5B:Western Ghats -Western Ghats Mountains |
6. | The Deccan Peninsula | 6A: Deccan Peninsular -Central Highlands 6B: Deccan Peninsular -Chotta Nagpur 6C: Deccan Peninsular -Eastern Highlands 6D: Deccan Peninsular -Central Plateau 6E: Deccan Peninsular -Deccan South |
7. | The Gangetic Plains | 7A:Gangetic Plain - Upper Gangetic Plains 7B:Gangetic Plain - Lower Gangetic Plains | ||
8. | The Coasts | 8A: Coasts - West Coast 8B: Coasts - East Coast 8C: Coasts - Lakshdweep | ||
9. | Northeast India | 9A:North - East - Braham-putra Valley 9B: North - East - North East Hills | ||
10. | Islands | 10A: Islands - Andamans 10B: Islands - Nicobars |
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Wrinkles help elephants keep their body temperature down. Wrinkles increase the surface area, so that more skin becomes wet when the animal bathes. All the cracks and crevices trap moisture, which then takes much longer to evaporate. A wrinkly elephant keeps cooler for longer than it would with smooth skin.