12. The present form of caste as an institution has been shaped both by developments during the colonial period as well as changes witnessed in independent India. Discuss.

Approach:

♤ Give a brief overview of the origin of caste system and its evolution.

♤ Discuss the caste system prevailing during British rule and how it got shaped by it.

♤ Then briefly discuss the measures taken to improve upon it post-independence and how it got influenced.

♤ Suggest further measures that are needed.