Answer:

Economic development and demographic changes are intimately related with each other. High level of economic development led to decline in fertility rate, population growth, mortality rate and rise in life expectancy and literacy rate. Similarly, India have experienced fundamental changes in population growth rate, fertility rate, life expectancy and age structure in the process of economic development over the years. Following are the nature of these changes:

♤ High level of economic growth (6-8 %) in last two decades favouring particular regions have led to increasing concentration of population in urban areas. The ratio of urban population have consistently rose to 31 percent in 2011 giving rise to increased population density in urban areas.

♤ There is a steep decline in overall population growth rate from 24.5% in 1981 to 17.6% in 2011. This decline corresponds with increasing level of economic growth and rise of service sector.

♤ The growing literacy rate from 54% in 1991 to 74% in 2011 can be attributed to increasing economic development as demand for skill force and opportunities for employment increases.

♤ Slow economic growth in rural economy in recent decades have led to large scale migration leading to change in demographic structure of urban and rural areas.

♤ With the increasing level of economic development and growth of health services, changing food pattern, the life expectancy of population is continuously increasing in India.

♤ India is witnessing rise in proportion of working age population (15-64) called as demographic dividend which is considered both the result of economic condition of society and have implications for economic development.

♤ The participation of workers in labour market have increased over the years with the growth of new sectors of the economy like in service sector.