Secessionist movements:

♤ Mizoram: After independence a movement for secession in Mizo hills gained popular support. Two decades of insurgency led by Mizo National Front under the leadership of Laldenga and backed by Pakistan ended after a peace agreement in 1986.

♤ Nagaland: Led by Phizo, a section of Nagas declared independence from India in 1951. After a period of violent insurgency a section of Nagas signed an agreement with government of India but this was not acceptable to other rebels. The problem in Nagaland still continues.

♤ Assam: The United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) is a separatist outfit operating in Assam. It seeks to establish a sovereign Assam with an armed struggle. The government of India banned the organisation in 1990 citing it as a terrorist organisation.