o Safety and Security;

o Science and Technology; and

o Safeguards and Verification.

♤ The IAEA has three main bodies: The Board of Governors, the General Conference, and the Secretariat.

3.9. Nuclear Security Summit

♤ The Nuclear Security Summit (NSS) is a world summit, aimed at preventing nuclear terrorism around the globe.

♤ The first Nuclear Security Summit was held in Washington, DC in 2010, and was followed by additional Summits in Seoul in 2012 and The Hague in 2014. The fourth summit was held in Washington, D.C. on March 31–April 1, 2016.

♤ In 2009, U.S. President Obama delivered a speech in Prague in which he called nuclear terrorism one of the greatest threats to international security.

♤ Under the NSS process, countries work to improve their nuclear security on the basis of the Washington Work Plan, which contains numerous measures and action points.

♤ The NSS process is ongoing, and since 2009 has required world leaders and diplomats to devote extra attention to the issue of nuclear security.

♤ The negotiators for the various countries, known as sherpas and sous sherpas, discuss the progress made and confer on key themes, work plans and measures.

♤ Gift basket diplomacy is an approach to multilateral negotiation aimed at pushing forward progress on a particular issue without the requirement of consensus.

♤ The United States first implemented a policy of Gift Basket Diplomacy between the 2010 and 2012 Summits.