territorial dispute on Susta and Kalapani areas.

♤ The Kalapani row is over a 35 square km disputed area where the border is marked by the river Mahakali.

♤ The changing course of the Gandak river, known as Narayani in Nepal, has caused controversy around Susta. Gandak forms the international boundary between Nepal and India.

♤ A British era agreement, known as the Treaty of Sugauli (1816), led to the demarcation of the international boundary between India and Nepal. Another Supplementary Boundary Treaty was signed in December 1816 to settle the border dispute.

♤ In 1981, a Joint Technical Level Nepal-India Boundary Committee was set up, which after years of surveying and deliberations delineated 98% of the India-Nepal border on 182 strip maps. But, Susta was not part of this delineation.