♤ Now Moscow seems to be pivoting towards Islamabad as New Delhi becomes closer to Washington.

♤ In June 2015 Russia had lifted its embargo on arms supply to Pakistan and negotiated supply of combat Helicopters

♤ Russia signed gas pipeline pact with Pakistan in 2015, an estimated investment of 2 billion US$.

♤ Russia and China are collaborating closely. In 2014 both signed a 30 year Gas deal estimated to be over 400 billion US$.

♤ The US NSS identifies both Russia and China as national security challenges. President Trump remains ambivalent about Russia and President Putin.