♤ In essence, during the Cold War India refused to promote U.S. grand strategic goals and offered few economic benefits, while posing little direct military threat to American interests. India therefore was largely ignored.

♤ The disintegration of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War had profound

consequences for India’s foreign and security policies.

♤ The collapse of the Soviet Union required India’s policy makers to recalculate their strategic options. No longer could they rely on their super- power ally’s military and diplomatic protection. Nor, the Russians made clear, would the Indians be able to continue purchasing arms under exceptionally favorable Cold War terms