♤ It is a transit pact established in 2011 between Uzbekistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, and Oman. Kazhakstan joined subsequently and Pakistan joined in 2016. Indian joined the agreement in 2017.

o Ashgabat Agreement is a transit pact signed in 2011 between Uzbekistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, and Oman and Qatar. While Qatar subsequently withdrew from the agreement in 2013, Kazakhstan and Pakistan joined the grouping in 2016.

o The Ashgabat Agreement came into force in April 2016.

o Its objective is to enhance connectivity within the Eurasian region and synchronize it with other regional transport corridors, including the International North–South Transport Corridor (INSTC).

o India joined the Agreement in 2018.

o Accession to the Agreement would diversify India’s connectivity options with Central

Asia and have a positive influence on India’s trade and commercial ties with the region.