Contents

1. Poverty 33

1.1. What is Poverty? 33

1.2. Types of Poverty 33

1.3. Measuring Poverty 34

1.4. Multidimensional Poverty 36

1.5. What Causes Poverty 38

1.6. Policies and Programmes Aimed At Poverty Alleviation 39

1.7. Poverty Alleviation Programmes- A Critical Assessment 40

1.8. Way Forward 41

1.9. Poverty: Last One Decade 41

1.9.1. Nobel Prize in Economics 42

2. Inequality 43

2.1. What is inequality? 43

2.2. Significance of Economic Inequality 44

2.3. Measuring Economic Inequality 44

2.4. Rising Inequality? 46

2.5. Causes of Inequality 47

2.6. Inequality, Poverty and Economic Growth 48

2.6.1. Inequality and Economic Growth 48

2.6.2. Inequality and Poverty 49

2.7. Role of Government in Reducing Inequality 49

2.8. Steps Taken to Tackle Income Inequality 50

2.9. Way Forward 50

3. Previous Years UPSC Mains Questions 50

4. Previous Years GS Mains Questions 51