1. Physical factors

a. Physiographic, climate and water imposes limits on growth and distribution of plants and animals.

b. Depending on terrain, topography, slope, temperature, amount and reliability of rainfall, soils and availability of water for irrigation, the cropping patterns vary.

c. For example, in rainfall deficient areas of Rajasthan, farmers grow bajra, while in Brahmaputra valley of Assam rice is the dominant crop.