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(Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management)
Indian Economy and issues relating to Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development and Employment.
Inclusive Growth and issues arising from it. Government Budgeting.
Major Crops - Cropping Patterns in various parts of the country, - Different Types of Irrigation and Irrigation Systems; Storage, Transport and Marketing of Agricultural Produce and Issues and Related Constraints; E-technology in the aid of farmers.
Issues related to Direct and Indirect Farm Subsidies and Minimum Support Prices; Public Distribution System - Objectives, Functioning, Limitations, Revamping; Issues of Buffer Stocks and Food Security; Technology Missions; Economics of Animal-Rearing. Food Processing and Related Industries in India- Scope’ and Significance, Location, Upstream and Downstream Requirements, Supply Chain Management.
Land Reforms in India.
Effects of Liberalization on the Economy, Changes in Industrial Policy and their Effects on Industrial Growth.
Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc. Investment Models.
Science and Technology- Developments and their Applications and Effects in Everyday Life.
Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology; Indigenization of Technology and Developing New Technology.
Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, Robotics, Nano-technology, Bio- technology and issues relating to Intellectual Property Rights.
Conservation, Environmental Pollution and Degradation, Environmental Impact Assessment.
Disaster and Disaster Management.
Linkages between Development and Spread of Extremism.
Role of External State and Non-state Actors in creating challenges to Internal Security. Challenges to Internal Security through Communication Networks, Role of Media and Social Networking Sites in Internal Security Challenges, Basics of Cyber Security; Money-Laundering and its prevention.
Security Challenges and their Management in Border Areas - Linkages of Organized Crime with Terrorism.
Various Security Forces and Agencies and their Mandate.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Indian Economy & Issues Relating to Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development & Employment
Planning
Meaning of Planning
Need for Planning in Economic Development
Imperative Vs. Indicative Vs. Structural Planning Objectives of Planning Indian Planning History
Techniques of Indian Planning Achievements & Failures of Indian Planning
Shortcomings of Planning in India NITI Aayog Vs. Planning Commission
Mobilisation of Resources
Types of Resources – Financial, Human, Natural etc.
Need for Resource Mobilisation Role of Savings & Investment
Government Resources – Tax & Non- Tax ( or Fiscal & Monetary Policy) Banking Sector & NBFCs
Capital Market
External Sources – FDI, ODA etc. Public Borrowing & Management of Public Debt
Challenges in Mobilising Resources for Development
Steps That Can Be Taken
Growth & Development
Meaning of Development & Growth Difference between Development & Growth
Determinants of Growth & Development
Importance & Limitations of Economic Growth
Jobless Growth Pro-Poor Growth
Balanced & Unbalanced Growth Dimensions of Development Measurement & Indicators of Development
Approaches to Development: Market-Based Approach Role of State and Planned Approach
Mixed Economy Approach Challenges to Development & Growth
Employment
Nature – Rural vs. Urban, Formal Vs. Informal
Terms Related to Employment – Labour Force Participation Rate, Employment Rate, Working Age Population etc.
Sectoral Distribution of Employment Quality of Employment
Causes of Lack of Employment Restructuring of Workforce Government Initiatives for Generating Employment
Inclusive Growth & Issues Arising From It
What is Inclusive Growth? Elements of Inclusive Growth Need for Inclusive Growth
Indicators of Inclusive Growth
Challenges in Achieveing Inclusive Growth in India
12th FYP & Inclusive Growth
Government Budgeting
Need for Government Budgeting Components of the Government Budget
Revenue Account – Revenue Receipts & Revenue Expenditure
Capital Account – Capital Receipts & Capital Expenditure
Changes in Budgetary Process in 2017 Measures of Government Deficit
Revenue Deficit
Fiscal Deficit Primary Deficit
Fiscal Policy Deficit Reduction FRBM Act
Other Types of Budgets – Outcome, Zero-Based, etc.
Land Reforms in India
Rationale for Land Reforms Components of Land Reforms
Impact of Land Reforms Problems in Implementaion of Land Reforms
Success of Land Reforms
Recent Initiatives - Land Leasing, Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation & Resettlement Act, etc.
Effects of Liberalization on the Economy
Phase of Liberalisation Impact on Different Sectors of the Economy
Changes In Industrial Policy & their Effects on Industrial Growth
Industrial Policy Before 1991 Industrial Policy After 1991 Phases of Industrial Growth
Linkage Between Economic Reforms and Economic Outcomes
Weaknesses and Failures of Industrial Policies
National Manufacturing Policy SEZs
Make in India
Infrastructure
Energy Ports Roads
Airports Railways
Investment Models Need for Investment Sources of Investment
Types of Investment Models
Domestic Investment Models Public Investment Model Private Investment Model
Public Private Participation Investment Model
Foreign Investment Models: FDI
FII, etc.
Sector Specific Investment Models
Cluster Based Investment Models
Investment Models Followed by India
AGRICULTURE
Major Crops Cropping Patterns in Various Parts of the Country
Importance of Cropping Pattern Types of Cropping Pattern
Reasons Why Cropping Pattern Differ
Factors Influencing Cropping Pattern
Emerging Trends in Cropping Pattern
Long-Run Effects of Current Trends in Cropping Pattern
Different Types of Irrigation & Irrigation Systems Storage
Modes of Irrigation Sources of Irrigation
Choosing an Irrigation System Problems Associated with Irrigation
Progress of Irrigation Under Five Year Plans
Environmental Effects of Irrigation Need for Systemic Irrigation Reforms
Need for a National Water Policy
Transport & Marketing of Agricultural Produce & Issues & Related Constraints
Process of Agricultural Marketing - Marketing Channels, Functionaries, Costs, etc.
Role of FCI Regulated Markets Warehousing
Cooperative Marketing
Shortcomings of Current Agricultural Marketing Process
APMCs
National Agricultutral Market (NAM) Farmer Producer Organisations (FPO) Contract Farming Futures Trading in
Agricultural Commodities
E-Technology in the Aid of Farmers, Technology Missions
Issues Related to Direct & Indirect Farm Subsidies & Minimum Support Prices
Agricultural Pricing Policy Rationale for Subsidies Types of Subsidies
Effectiveness, Extent & Problems of Subsisies Clash with WTO Agreements
Public Distribution System Objectives, Functioning, Limitations, Revamping
Objectices/Significance
Functioning - Fair Price Shops, FCI, Ration Cards, Aadhar Linking, etc. Shortcomings or Problems Associated with PDS
Need to Improve the Working of PDS
Measures to Improve the Loopholes & Lacunaes Associated with PDS Steps Taken by Governement in this Regard
Issues of Buffer Stocks & Food Security
Buffer Stock – Objectives & Norms in India
Impact of Government Procurement & Distribution
Need for Food Security
NFSM And othe Food Security Realted Government Initiatives
Economics of Animal-Rearing
Food Processing & Related Industries in India
Scope & Potential in India Significance
Location
Constraints and Challenges
Upstream & Downstream Requirements Supply Chain Management Government Policies and Initiatives – SAMPADA, 12th FYP, etc.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life
Chemicals in Food
Artificial Sweetening Agents Food Preservatives
Drugs
Antacid Antihistamines
Neurologically Active Drugs Tranquilizers Analgesics
Antimicrobials
Antibiotics
Antiseptic and Disinfectant
Anti-Fertility Drugs, etc.
Cleansing Agents
Soaps
Synthetic detergents
Glass
Water Softener Water
Purification/Disinfection Microwave Oven, etc.
Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology
Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Satyendra Nath Bose
Meghnad Saha
Homi Jehangir Bhabha Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Vikram Sarabhai Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya
Har Gobind Khorana Tessy Thomas
C.N.R. Rao
Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology
IT & Computers Space Nanotechnology Biotechnology
Robotics Defence Nuclear
Awareness in Different Fields
IT & Computers Space Nanotechnology Biotechnology
Robotics Defence Nuclear
Issues Relating to Intellectual Property Rights
Need for Intellectual Property Rights Types of IPR
IPR Regime in India
International Agreements Related to IPRs Geographical Indicators
Recent Issues - Evergreening, Compuslory Licensing, Prominent Cases etc.
BIODIVERSITY & ENVIRONMENT
Conservation
What is Biodiversity?
Types of Biodiversity – Genetic, Species, Ecosystem, etc.
Importance of Biodivesirty – Ecosystem Services, Bio Resources of Economic Importance, Social Benefits etc.
Resasons for Loss of Biodiversity
Conservation
In-situ & Ex-Situ Eco-Sensitive Areas Ecological Hotspots National Guidelines, Legislations & Other Programmes.
International Agreements & Groupings
Environmental Pollution & Degradation
Types of Pollution & Pollutants Impact of Pollution & Degradation
Ozone Layer Depletion and Ozone Hole
Greenhouse Gas Effect & Global Warming Eutrophication Desertification
Acid Rain
Hazardous Waste, etc.
Causes/Sources of Pollution & Degradation
Prevention & Control of Pollution & Degradation
National Environment Agencies, Legislations and Policies
International Environment Agencies & Agreements
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
What is EIA?
Indian Guidelines & Legislations EIA Process
Need & Benefits of EIA Shortcomings of EIA in India Measures to Make EIA Effective
Disaster Management
Types of Disasters Management of Disasters
Community Level Disaster Management Governement Initiatives on Disaster Management
SECURITY
Linkages Between Development & Spread of Extremism
Factors Responsible for Spread of Extremism
Steps that State can Taken to Reduce the Spread of Extremism due to Underdevelopment
Naxalism
Role of External State & Non-State Actors in Creating Challenges to Internal Security
Threats from Non-State Actors
J&K Separatism
Left Wing Extremism North East Insurgency
Terrorism in Hinterland & Border Areas Right Wing Terrorism
Reasons for Spread of Terrorism State Sponsored Terrorism
Institutional Framework to Tackle Challenge of Internal Security
NIA NATGRID MAC UAPA TADA POTA NCTC
Challenges to Internal Security Through Communication Networks
Role of Media & Social Networking Sites in Internal Security Challenges
Challenges in Managing Social Media
Steps That can be Taken
Basics of Cyber Security
Cyber Security
Threats to Indian Cyber Security Steps taken by India
International Cooperation on Cyber Security Cyber Warfare
Terms Associated with Cyber Security
Money-Laundering & its Prevention
Process of Money Laundering Impact of Money Laundering Challenges to Tackle Money Laundering
Steps to Counter Money Laundering Terms Related To Money Laundering
Security Challenges & their Management in Border Areas
Challenges in Managing Border Security – Coastal & Terrestrial
Land Boundary Disputes with Neighbours
India's Policy in Border Area Security Management
Linkages of Organized Crime with Terrorism
Types of Organised Crime Challenges in Controlling Organised Crime
Indian Context – Link between Organised Crime & Terrorism
Various Security Forces & Agencies & Their Mandate
Central Armed Police Forces Central Paramilitary Forces
Security & Intelligence Agencies – IB. R&WA, etc.